Find the Roots/Zeros Using the Rational Roots Test 3x^5+17x^4+30x^3+18x^2-x-3

$3 x^{5} + 17 x^{4} + 30 x^{3} + 18 x^{2} - x - 3$

Step 1

If a polynomial function has integer coefficients, then every rational zero will have the form $\frac{p}{q}$ where $p$ is a factor of the constant and $q$ is a factor of the leading coefficient.

$p = \pm 1, \pm 3$

$q = \pm 1, \pm 3$

Step 2

Find every combination of $\pm \frac{p}{q}$ . These are the possible roots of the polynomial function.

$\pm 1, \pm \frac{1}{3}, \pm 3$

Step 3

Substitute the possible roots one by one into the polynomial to find the actual roots. Simplify to check if the value is $0$ , which means it is a root.

$3 {(- 1)}^{5} + 17 {(- 1)}^{4} + 30 {(- 1)}^{3} + 18 {(- 1)}^{2} - (- 1) - 3$

Step 4

Simplify the expression. In this case, the expression is equal to $0$ so $x = - 1$ is a root of the polynomial.

Simplify each term.

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $5$ .

$3 \cdot - 1 + 17 {(- 1)}^{4} + 30 {(- 1)}^{3} + 18 {(- 1)}^{2} - (- 1) - 3$

Multiply $3$ by $- 1$ .

$- 3 + 17 {(- 1)}^{4} + 30 {(- 1)}^{3} + 18 {(- 1)}^{2} - (- 1) - 3$

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $4$ .

$- 3 + 17 \cdot 1 + 30 {(- 1)}^{3} + 18 {(- 1)}^{2} - (- 1) - 3$

Multiply $17$ by $1$ .

$- 3 + 17 + 30 {(- 1)}^{3} + 18 {(- 1)}^{2} - (- 1) - 3$

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $3$ .

$- 3 + 17 + 30 \cdot - 1 + 18 {(- 1)}^{2} - (- 1) - 3$

Multiply $30$ by $- 1$ .

$- 3 + 17 - 30 + 18 {(- 1)}^{2} - (- 1) - 3$

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$- 3 + 17 - 30 + 18 \cdot 1 - (- 1) - 3$

Multiply $18$ by $1$ .

$- 3 + 17 - 30 + 18 - (- 1) - 3$

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$- 3 + 17 - 30 + 18 + 1 - 3$

Simplify by adding and subtracting.

Add $- 3$ and $17$ .

$14 - 30 + 18 + 1 - 3$

Subtract $30$ from $14$ .

$- 16 + 18 + 1 - 3$

Add $- 16$ and $18$ .

$2 + 1 - 3$

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$3 - 3$

Subtract $3$ from $3$ .

$0$

Step 5

Since $- 1$ is a known root, divide the polynomial by $x + 1$ to find the quotient polynomial. This polynomial can then be used to find the remaining roots.

$\frac{3 x^{5} + 17 x^{4} + 30 x^{3} + 18 x^{2} - x - 3}{x + 1}$

Step 6

Next, find the roots of the remaining polynomial. The order of the polynomial has been reduced by $1$ .

Place the numbers representing the divisor and the dividend into a division-like configuration.

$- 1$	$3$	$17$	$30$	$18$	$- 1$	$- 3$
	\xa0					\xa0

The first number in the dividend $(3)$ is put into the first position of the result area (below the horizontal line).

$- 1$	$3$	$17$	$30$	$18$	$- 1$	$- 3$
	\xa0					\xa0
	$3$

Multiply the newest entry in the result $(3)$ by the divisor $(- 1)$ and place the result of $(- 3)$ under the next term in the dividend $(17)$ .

$- 1$	$3$	$17$	$30$	$18$	$- 1$	$- 3$
	\xa0	$- 3$				\xa0
	$3$

Add the product of the multiplication and the number from the dividend and put the result in the next position on the result line.

$- 1$	$3$	$17$	$30$	$18$	$- 1$	$- 3$
	\xa0	$- 3$				\xa0
	$3$	$14$

Multiply the newest entry in the result $(14)$ by the divisor $(- 1)$ and place the result of $(- 14)$ under the next term in the dividend $(30)$ .

$- 1$	$3$	$17$	$30$	$18$	$- 1$	$- 3$
	\xa0	$- 3$	$- 14$			\xa0
	$3$	$14$

Add the product of the multiplication and the number from the dividend and put the result in the next position on the result line.

$- 1$	$3$	$17$	$30$	$18$	$- 1$	$- 3$
	\xa0	$- 3$	$- 14$			\xa0
	$3$	$14$	$16$

Multiply the newest entry in the result $(16)$ by the divisor $(- 1)$ and place the result of $(- 16)$ under the next term in the dividend $(18)$ .

$- 1$	$3$	$17$	$30$	$18$	$- 1$	$- 3$
	\xa0	$- 3$	$- 14$	$- 16$		\xa0
	$3$	$14$	$16$

Add the product of the multiplication and the number from the dividend and put the result in the next position on the result line.

$- 1$	$3$	$17$	$30$	$18$	$- 1$	$- 3$
	\xa0	$- 3$	$- 14$	$- 16$		\xa0
	$3$	$14$	$16$	$2$

Multiply the newest entry in the result $(2)$ by the divisor $(- 1)$ and place the result of $(- 2)$ under the next term in the dividend $(- 1)$ .

$- 1$	$3$	$17$	$30$	$18$	$- 1$	$- 3$
	\xa0	$- 3$	$- 14$	$- 16$	$- 2$	\xa0
	$3$	$14$	$16$	$2$

Add the product of the multiplication and the number from the dividend and put the result in the next position on the result line.

$- 1$	$3$	$17$	$30$	$18$	$- 1$	$- 3$
	\xa0	$- 3$	$- 14$	$- 16$	$- 2$	\xa0
	$3$	$14$	$16$	$2$	$- 3$

Multiply the newest entry in the result $(- 3)$ by the divisor $(- 1)$ and place the result of $(3)$ under the next term in the dividend $(- 3)$ .

$- 1$	$3$	$17$	$30$	$18$	$- 1$	$- 3$
	\xa0	$- 3$	$- 14$	$- 16$	$- 2$	$3$
	$3$	$14$	$16$	$2$	$- 3$

Add the product of the multiplication and the number from the dividend and put the result in the next position on the result line.

$- 1$	$3$	$17$	$30$	$18$	$- 1$	$- 3$
	\xa0	$- 3$	$- 14$	$- 16$	$- 2$	$3$
	$3$	$14$	$16$	$2$	$- 3$	$0$

All numbers except the last become the coefficients of the quotient polynomial. The last value in the result line is the remainder.

$3 x^{4} + 14 x^{3} + 16 x^{2} + 2 x - 3$

Step 7

Solve the equation to find any remaining roots.

Factor the left side of the equation.

Regroup terms.

$3 x^{4} - 3 + 14 x^{3} + 16 x^{2} + 2 x = 0$

Factor $3$ out of $3 x^{4} - 3$ .

Factor $3$ out of $3 x^{4}$ .

$3 (x^{4}) - 3 + 14 x^{3} + 16 x^{2} + 2 x = 0$

Factor $3$ out of $- 3$ .

$3 (x^{4}) + 3 (- 1) + 14 x^{3} + 16 x^{2} + 2 x = 0$

Factor $3$ out of $3 (x^{4}) + 3 (- 1)$ .

$3 (x^{4} - 1) + 14 x^{3} + 16 x^{2} + 2 x = 0$

Rewrite $x^{4}$ as ${(x^{2})}^{2}$ .

$3 ({(x^{2})}^{2} - 1) + 14 x^{3} + 16 x^{2} + 2 x = 0$

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{2}$ .

$3 ({(x^{2})}^{2} - 1^{2}) + 14 x^{3} + 16 x^{2} + 2 x = 0$

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = x^{2}$ and $b = 1$ .

$3 ((x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} - 1)) + 14 x^{3} + 16 x^{2} + 2 x = 0$

Factor.

Simplify.

Rewrite $1$ as $1^{2}$ .

$3 ((x^{2} + 1) (x^{2} - 1^{2})) + 14 x^{3} + 16 x^{2} + 2 x = 0$

Factor.

Since both terms are perfect squares, factor using the difference of squares formula, $a^{2} - b^{2} = (a + b) (a - b)$ where $a = x$ and $b = 1$ .

$3 ((x^{2} + 1) ((x + 1) (x - 1))) + 14 x^{3} + 16 x^{2} + 2 x = 0$

Remove unnecessary parentheses.

$3 ((x^{2} + 1) (x + 1) (x - 1)) + 14 x^{3} + 16 x^{2} + 2 x = 0$

Remove unnecessary parentheses.

$3 (x^{2} + 1) (x + 1) (x - 1) + 14 x^{3} + 16 x^{2} + 2 x = 0$

Factor $2 x$ out of $14 x^{3} + 16 x^{2} + 2 x$ .

Factor $2 x$ out of $14 x^{3}$ .

$3 (x^{2} + 1) (x + 1) (x - 1) + 2 x (7 x^{2}) + 16 x^{2} + 2 x = 0$

Factor $2 x$ out of $16 x^{2}$ .

$3 (x^{2} + 1) (x + 1) (x - 1) + 2 x (7 x^{2}) + 2 x (8 x) + 2 x = 0$

Factor $2 x$ out of $2 x$ .

$3 (x^{2} + 1) (x + 1) (x - 1) + 2 x (7 x^{2}) + 2 x (8 x) + 2 x (1) = 0$

Factor $2 x$ out of $2 x (7 x^{2}) + 2 x (8 x)$ .

$3 (x^{2} + 1) (x + 1) (x - 1) + 2 x (7 x^{2} + 8 x) + 2 x (1) = 0$

Factor $2 x$ out of $2 x (7 x^{2} + 8 x) + 2 x (1)$ .

$3 (x^{2} + 1) (x + 1) (x - 1) + 2 x (7 x^{2} + 8 x + 1) = 0$

Factor.

Factor by grouping.

For a polynomial of the form $a x^{2} + b x + c$ , rewrite the middle term as a sum of two terms whose product is $a \cdot c = 7 \cdot 1 = 7$ and whose sum is $b = 8$ .

Factor $8$ out of $8 x$ .

$3 (x^{2} + 1) (x + 1) (x - 1) + 2 x (7 x^{2} + 8 (x) + 1) = 0$

Rewrite $8$ as $1$ plus $7$

$3 (x^{2} + 1) (x + 1) (x - 1) + 2 x (7 x^{2} + (1 + 7) x + 1) = 0$

Apply the distributive property.

$3 (x^{2} + 1) (x + 1) (x - 1) + 2 x (7 x^{2} + 1 x + 7 x + 1) = 0$

Multiply $x$ by $1$ .

$3 (x^{2} + 1) (x + 1) (x - 1) + 2 x (7 x^{2} + x + 7 x + 1) = 0$

Factor out the greatest common factor from each group.

Group the first two terms and the last two terms.

$3 (x^{2} + 1) (x + 1) (x - 1) + 2 x ((7 x^{2} + x) + 7 x + 1) = 0$

Factor out the greatest common factor (GCF) from each group.

$3 (x^{2} + 1) (x + 1) (x - 1) + 2 x (x (7 x + 1) + 1 (7 x + 1)) = 0$

Factor the polynomial by factoring out the greatest common factor, $7 x + 1$ .

$3 (x^{2} + 1) (x + 1) (x - 1) + 2 x ((7 x + 1) (x + 1)) = 0$

Remove unnecessary parentheses.

$3 (x^{2} + 1) (x + 1) (x - 1) + 2 x (7 x + 1) (x + 1) = 0$

Factor $x + 1$ out of $3 (x^{2} + 1) (x + 1) (x - 1) + 2 x (7 x + 1) (x + 1)$ .

Factor $x + 1$ out of $3 (x^{2} + 1) (x + 1) (x - 1)$ .

$(x + 1) (3 (x^{2} + 1) (x - 1)) + 2 x (7 x + 1) (x + 1) = 0$

Factor $x + 1$ out of $2 x (7 x + 1) (x + 1)$ .

$(x + 1) (3 (x^{2} + 1) (x - 1)) + (x + 1) (2 x (7 x + 1)) = 0$

Factor $x + 1$ out of $(x + 1) (3 (x^{2} + 1) (x - 1)) + (x + 1) (2 x (7 x + 1))$ .

$(x + 1) (3 (x^{2} + 1) (x - 1) + 2 x (7 x + 1)) = 0$

Apply the distributive property.

$(x + 1) ((3 x^{2} + 3 \cdot 1) (x - 1) + 2 x (7 x + 1)) = 0$

Multiply $3$ by $1$ .

$(x + 1) ((3 x^{2} + 3) (x - 1) + 2 x (7 x + 1)) = 0$

Expand $(3 x^{2} + 3) (x - 1)$ using the FOIL Method.

Apply the distributive property.

$(x + 1) (3 x^{2} (x - 1) + 3 (x - 1) + 2 x (7 x + 1)) = 0$

Apply the distributive property.

$(x + 1) (3 x^{2} x + 3 x^{2} \cdot - 1 + 3 (x - 1) + 2 x (7 x + 1)) = 0$

Apply the distributive property.

$(x + 1) (3 x^{2} x + 3 x^{2} \cdot - 1 + 3 x + 3 \cdot - 1 + 2 x (7 x + 1)) = 0$

Simplify each term.

Multiply $x^{2}$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

Move $x$ .

$(x + 1) (3 (x \cdot x^{2}) + 3 x^{2} \cdot - 1 + 3 x + 3 \cdot - 1 + 2 x (7 x + 1)) = 0$

Multiply $x$ by $x^{2}$ .

Raise $x$ to the power of $1$ .

$(x + 1) (3 (x \cdot x^{2}) + 3 x^{2} \cdot - 1 + 3 x + 3 \cdot - 1 + 2 x (7 x + 1)) = 0$

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$(x + 1) (3 x^{1 + 2} + 3 x^{2} \cdot - 1 + 3 x + 3 \cdot - 1 + 2 x (7 x + 1)) = 0$

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$(x + 1) (3 x^{3} + 3 x^{2} \cdot - 1 + 3 x + 3 \cdot - 1 + 2 x (7 x + 1)) = 0$

Multiply $- 1$ by $3$ .

$(x + 1) (3 x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + 3 x + 3 \cdot - 1 + 2 x (7 x + 1)) = 0$

Multiply $3$ by $- 1$ .

$(x + 1) (3 x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + 3 x - 3 + 2 x (7 x + 1)) = 0$

Apply the distributive property.

$(x + 1) (3 x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + 3 x - 3 + 2 x (7 x) + 2 x \cdot 1) = 0$

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$(x + 1) (3 x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + 3 x - 3 + 2 \cdot (7 x \cdot x) + 2 x \cdot 1) = 0$

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$(x + 1) (3 x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + 3 x - 3 + 2 \cdot (7 x \cdot x) + 2 x) = 0$

Simplify each term.

Multiply $x$ by $x$ by adding the exponents.

Move $x$ .

$(x + 1) (3 x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + 3 x - 3 + 2 \cdot (7 (x \cdot x)) + 2 x) = 0$

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$(x + 1) (3 x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + 3 x - 3 + 2 \cdot (7 x^{2}) + 2 x) = 0$

Multiply $2$ by $7$ .

$(x + 1) (3 x^{3} - 3 x^{2} + 3 x - 3 + 14 x^{2} + 2 x) = 0$

Add $- 3 x^{2}$ and $14 x^{2}$ .

$(x + 1) (3 x^{3} + 11 x^{2} + 3 x - 3 + 2 x) = 0$

Add $3 x$ and $2 x$ .

$(x + 1) (3 x^{3} + 11 x^{2} + 5 x - 3) = 0$

Factor.

Rewrite $3 x^{3} + 11 x^{2} + 5 x - 3$ in a factored form.

Factor $3 x^{3} + 11 x^{2} + 5 x - 3$ using the rational roots test.

If a polynomial function has integer coefficients, then every rational zero will have the form $\frac{p}{q}$ where $p$ is a factor of the constant and $q$ is a factor of the leading coefficient.

$p = \pm 1, \pm 3 q = \pm 1, \pm 3$

Find every combination of $\pm \frac{p}{q}$ . These are the possible roots of the polynomial function.

$\pm 1, \pm 0.\overline{3}, \pm 3$

Substitute $- 1$ and simplify the expression. In this case, the expression is equal to $0$ so $- 1$ is a root of the polynomial.

Substitute $- 1$ into the polynomial.

$3 {(- 1)}^{3} + 11 {(- 1)}^{2} + 5 \cdot - 1 - 3$

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $3$ .

$3 \cdot - 1 + 11 {(- 1)}^{2} + 5 \cdot - 1 - 3$

Multiply $3$ by $- 1$ .

$- 3 + 11 {(- 1)}^{2} + 5 \cdot - 1 - 3$

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$- 3 + 11 \cdot 1 + 5 \cdot - 1 - 3$

Multiply $11$ by $1$ .

$- 3 + 11 + 5 \cdot - 1 - 3$

Add $- 3$ and $11$ .

$8 + 5 \cdot - 1 - 3$

Multiply $5$ by $- 1$ .

$8 - 5 - 3$

Subtract $5$ from $8$ .

$3 - 3$

Subtract $3$ from $3$ .

$0$

Since $- 1$ is a known root, divide the polynomial by $x + 1$ to find the quotient polynomial. This polynomial can then be used to find the remaining roots.

$\frac{3 x^{3} + 11 x^{2} + 5 x - 3}{x + 1}$

Divide $3 x^{3} + 11 x^{2} + 5 x - 3$ by $x + 1$ .

Set up the polynomials to be divided. If there is not a term for every exponent, insert one with a value of $0$ .

$x$

$1$

$3 x^{3}$

$11 x^{2}$

$5 x$

$3$

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $3 x^{3}$ by the highest order term in divisor $x$ .

					$3 x^{2}$
	$x$	+	$1$		$3 x^{3}$	+	$11 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$	-	$3$

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

				$3 x^{2}$
$x$	+	$1$		$3 x^{3}$	+	$11 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$	-	$3$
			+	$3 x^{3}$	+	$3 x^{2}$

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $3 x^{3} + 3 x^{2}$

				$3 x^{2}$
$x$	+	$1$		$3 x^{3}$	+	$11 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$	-	$3$
			-	$3 x^{3}$	-	$3 x^{2}$

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

				$3 x^{2}$
$x$	+	$1$		$3 x^{3}$	+	$11 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$	-	$3$
			-	$3 x^{3}$	-	$3 x^{2}$
					+	$8 x^{2}$

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

				$3 x^{2}$
$x$	+	$1$		$3 x^{3}$	+	$11 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$	-	$3$
			-	$3 x^{3}$	-	$3 x^{2}$
					+	$8 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $8 x^{2}$ by the highest order term in divisor $x$ .

				$3 x^{2}$	+	$8 x$
$x$	+	$1$		$3 x^{3}$	+	$11 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$	-	$3$
			-	$3 x^{3}$	-	$3 x^{2}$
					+	$8 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

				$3 x^{2}$	+	$8 x$
$x$	+	$1$		$3 x^{3}$	+	$11 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$	-	$3$
			-	$3 x^{3}$	-	$3 x^{2}$
					+	$8 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$
					+	$8 x^{2}$	+	$8 x$

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $8 x^{2} + 8 x$

				$3 x^{2}$	+	$8 x$
$x$	+	$1$		$3 x^{3}$	+	$11 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$	-	$3$
			-	$3 x^{3}$	-	$3 x^{2}$
					+	$8 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$
					-	$8 x^{2}$	-	$8 x$

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

				$3 x^{2}$	+	$8 x$
$x$	+	$1$		$3 x^{3}$	+	$11 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$	-	$3$
			-	$3 x^{3}$	-	$3 x^{2}$
					+	$8 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$
					-	$8 x^{2}$	-	$8 x$
							-	$3 x$

Pull the next terms from the original dividend down into the current dividend.

				$3 x^{2}$	+	$8 x$
$x$	+	$1$		$3 x^{3}$	+	$11 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$	-	$3$
			-	$3 x^{3}$	-	$3 x^{2}$
					+	$8 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$
					-	$8 x^{2}$	-	$8 x$
							-	$3 x$	-	$3$

Divide the highest order term in the dividend $- 3 x$ by the highest order term in divisor $x$ .

				$3 x^{2}$	+	$8 x$	-	$3$
$x$	+	$1$		$3 x^{3}$	+	$11 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$	-	$3$
			-	$3 x^{3}$	-	$3 x^{2}$
					+	$8 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$
					-	$8 x^{2}$	-	$8 x$
							-	$3 x$	-	$3$

Multiply the new quotient term by the divisor.

				$3 x^{2}$	+	$8 x$	-	$3$
$x$	+	$1$		$3 x^{3}$	+	$11 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$	-	$3$
			-	$3 x^{3}$	-	$3 x^{2}$
					+	$8 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$
					-	$8 x^{2}$	-	$8 x$
							-	$3 x$	-	$3$
							-	$3 x$	-	$3$

The expression needs to be subtracted from the dividend, so change all the signs in $- 3 x - 3$

				$3 x^{2}$	+	$8 x$	-	$3$
$x$	+	$1$		$3 x^{3}$	+	$11 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$	-	$3$
			-	$3 x^{3}$	-	$3 x^{2}$
					+	$8 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$
					-	$8 x^{2}$	-	$8 x$
							-	$3 x$	-	$3$
							+	$3 x$	+	$3$

After changing the signs, add the last dividend from the multiplied polynomial to find the new dividend.

				$3 x^{2}$	+	$8 x$	-	$3$
$x$	+	$1$		$3 x^{3}$	+	$11 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$	-	$3$
			-	$3 x^{3}$	-	$3 x^{2}$
					+	$8 x^{2}$	+	$5 x$
					-	$8 x^{2}$	-	$8 x$
							-	$3 x$	-	$3$
							+	$3 x$	+	$3$
										$0$

Since the remander is $0$ , the final answer is the quotient.

$3 x^{2} + 8 x - 3$

Write $3 x^{3} + 11 x^{2} + 5 x - 3$ as a set of factors.

$(x + 1) ((x + 1) (3 x^{2} + 8 x - 3)) = 0$

Factor by grouping.

For a polynomial of the form $a x^{2} + b x + c$ , rewrite the middle term as a sum of two terms whose product is $a \cdot c = 3 \cdot - 3 = - 9$ and whose sum is $b = 8$ .

Factor $8$ out of $8 x$ .

$(x + 1) ((x + 1) (3 x^{2} + 8 (x) - 3)) = 0$

Rewrite $8$ as $- 1$ plus $9$

$(x + 1) ((x + 1) (3 x^{2} + (- 1 + 9) x - 3)) = 0$

Apply the distributive property.

$(x + 1) ((x + 1) (3 x^{2} - 1 x + 9 x - 3)) = 0$

Factor out the greatest common factor from each group.

Group the first two terms and the last two terms.

$(x + 1) ((x + 1) ((3 x^{2} - 1 x) + 9 x - 3)) = 0$

Factor out the greatest common factor (GCF) from each group.

$(x + 1) ((x + 1) (x (3 x - 1) + 3 (3 x - 1))) = 0$

Factor the polynomial by factoring out the greatest common factor, $3 x - 1$ .

$(x + 1) ((x + 1) ((3 x - 1) (x + 3))) = 0$

Remove unnecessary parentheses.

$(x + 1) ((x + 1) (3 x - 1) (x + 3)) = 0$

Remove unnecessary parentheses.

$(x + 1) (x + 1) (3 x - 1) (x + 3) = 0$

Combine exponents.

Raise $x + 1$ to the power of $1$ .

$(x + 1) (x + 1) (3 x - 1) (x + 3) = 0$

Raise $x + 1$ to the power of $1$ .

$(x + 1) (x + 1) (3 x - 1) (x + 3) = 0$

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

${(x + 1)}^{1 + 1} (3 x - 1) (x + 3) = 0$

Add $1$ and $1$ .

${(x + 1)}^{2} (3 x - 1) (x + 3) = 0$

If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to $0$ , the entire expression will be equal to $0$ .

${(x + 1)}^{2} = 0$

$3 x - 1 = 0$

$x + 3 = 0$

Set ${(x + 1)}^{2}$ equal to $0$ and solve for $x$ .

Set ${(x + 1)}^{2}$ equal to $0$ .

${(x + 1)}^{2} = 0$

Solve ${(x + 1)}^{2} = 0$ for $x$ .

Set the $x + 1$ equal to $0$ .

$x + 1 = 0$

Subtract $1$ from both sides of the equation.

$x = - 1$

Set $3 x - 1$ equal to $0$ and solve for $x$ .

Set $3 x - 1$ equal to $0$ .

$3 x - 1 = 0$

Solve $3 x - 1 = 0$ for $x$ .

Add $1$ to both sides of the equation.

$3 x = 1$

Divide each term in $3 x = 1$ by $3$ and simplify.

Divide each term in $3 x = 1$ by $3$ .

$\frac{3 x}{3} = \frac{1}{3}$

Simplify the left side.

Cancel the common factor of $3$ .

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{3 x}{3} = \frac{1}{3}$

Divide $x$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{1}{3}$

Set $x + 3$ equal to $0$ and solve for $x$ .

Set $x + 3$ equal to $0$ .

$x + 3 = 0$

Subtract $3$ from both sides of the equation.

$x = - 3$

The final solution is all the values that make ${(x + 1)}^{2} (3 x - 1) (x + 3) = 0$ true.

$x = - 1, \frac{1}{3}, - 3$

Step 8

The polynomial can be written as a set of linear factors.

$(x + 1) (x - \frac{1}{3}) (x + 3)$

Step 9

These are the roots (zeros) of the polynomial $3 x^{5} + 17 x^{4} + 30 x^{3} + 18 x^{2} - x - 3$ .

$x = - 1, \frac{1}{3}, - 3$

Step 10

Find the Roots/Zeros Using the Rational Roots Test 3x^5+17x^4+30x^3+18x^2-x-3

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