Graph f(x)=-1/2(x+2)^2-3

$f (x) = - \frac{1}{2} {(x + 2)}^{2} - 3$

Step 1

Find the properties of the given parabola.

Isolate $y$ to the left side of the equation.

Combine ${(x + 2)}^{2}$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$y = - \frac{{(x + 2)}^{2}}{2} - 3$

Reorder terms.

$y = - \frac{1}{2} \cdot {(x + 2)}^{2} - 3$

Use the vertex form, $y = a {(x - h)}^{2} + k$ , to determine the values of $a$ , $h$ , and $k$ .

$a = - \frac{1}{2}$

$h = - 2$

$k = - 3$

Since the value of $a$ is negative, the parabola opens down.

Opens Down

Find the vertex $(h, k)$ .

$(- 2, - 3)$

Find $p$ , the distance from the vertex to the focus.

Find the distance from the vertex to a focus of the parabola by using the following formula.

$\frac{1}{4 a}$

Substitute the value of $a$ into the formula.

$\frac{1}{4 \cdot (- \frac{1}{2})}$

Simplify.

Cancel the common factor of $1$ and $- 1$ .

Rewrite $1$ as $- 1 (- 1)$ .

$\frac{- 1 (- 1)}{4 \cdot (- \frac{1}{2})}$

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{1}{4 (\frac{1}{2})}$

Combine $4$ and $\frac{1}{2}$ .

$- \frac{1}{\frac{4}{2}}$

Divide $4$ by $2$ .

$- \frac{1}{2}$

Find the focus.

The focus of a parabola can be found by adding $p$ to the y-coordinate $k$ if the parabola opens up or down.

$(h, k + p)$

Substitute the known values of $h$ , $p$ , and $k$ into the formula and simplify.

$(- 2, - \frac{7}{2})$

Find the axis of symmetry by finding the line that passes through the vertex and the focus.

$x = - 2$

Find the directrix.

The directrix of a parabola is the horizontal line found by subtracting $p$ from the y-coordinate $k$ of the vertex if the parabola opens up or down.

$y = k - p$

Substitute the known values of $p$ and $k$ into the formula and simplify.

$y = - \frac{5}{2}$

Use the properties of the parabola to analyze and graph the parabola.

Direction: Opens Down

Vertex: $(- 2, - 3)$

Focus: $(- 2, - \frac{7}{2})$

Axis of Symmetry: $x = - 2$

Directrix: $y = - \frac{5}{2}$

Direction: Opens Down

Vertex: $(- 2, - 3)$

Focus: $(- 2, - \frac{7}{2})$

Axis of Symmetry: $x = - 2$

Directrix: $y = - \frac{5}{2}$

Step 2

Select a few $x$ values, and plug them into the equation to find the corresponding $y$ values. The $x$ values should be selected around the vertex.

Replace the variable $x$ with $- 4$ in the expression.

$f (- 4) = - \frac{{(- 4)}^{2}}{2} - 2 \cdot - 4 - 5$

Simplify the result.

Simplify each term.

Raise $- 4$ to the power of $2$ .

$f (- 4) = - \frac{16}{2} - 2 \cdot - 4 - 5$

Divide $16$ by $2$ .

$f (- 4) = - 1 \cdot 8 - 2 \cdot - 4 - 5$

Multiply $- 1$ by $8$ .

$f (- 4) = - 8 - 2 \cdot - 4 - 5$

Multiply $- 2$ by $- 4$ .

$f (- 4) = - 8 + 8 - 5$

Simplify by adding and subtracting.

Add $- 8$ and $8$ .

$f (- 4) = 0 - 5$

Subtract $5$ from $0$ .

$f (- 4) = - 5$

The final answer is $- 5$ .

$- 5$

The $y$ value at $x = - 4$ is $- 5$ .

$y = - 5$

Replace the variable $x$ with $- 3$ in the expression.

$f (- 3) = - \frac{{(- 3)}^{2}}{2} - 2 \cdot - 3 - 5$

Simplify the result.

Simplify each term.

Raise $- 3$ to the power of $2$ .

$f (- 3) = - \frac{9}{2} - 2 \cdot - 3 - 5$

Multiply $- 2$ by $- 3$ .

$f (- 3) = - \frac{9}{2} + 6 - 5$

Find the common denominator.

Write $6$ as a fraction with denominator $1$ .

$f (- 3) = - \frac{9}{2} + \frac{6}{1} - 5$

Multiply $\frac{6}{1}$ by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f (- 3) = - \frac{9}{2} + \frac{6}{1} \cdot \frac{2}{2} - 5$

Multiply $\frac{6}{1}$ by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f (- 3) = - \frac{9}{2} + \frac{6 \cdot 2}{2} - 5$

Write $- 5$ as a fraction with denominator $1$ .

$f (- 3) = - \frac{9}{2} + \frac{6 \cdot 2}{2} + \frac{- 5}{1}$

Multiply $\frac{- 5}{1}$ by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f (- 3) = - \frac{9}{2} + \frac{6 \cdot 2}{2} + \frac{- 5}{1} \cdot \frac{2}{2}$

Multiply $\frac{- 5}{1}$ by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f (- 3) = - \frac{9}{2} + \frac{6 \cdot 2}{2} + \frac{- 5 \cdot 2}{2}$

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$f (- 3) = \frac{- 9 + 6 \cdot 2 - 5 \cdot 2}{2}$

Simplify each term.

Multiply $6$ by $2$ .

$f (- 3) = \frac{- 9 + 12 - 5 \cdot 2}{2}$

Multiply $- 5$ by $2$ .

$f (- 3) = \frac{- 9 + 12 - 10}{2}$

Simplify the expression.

Add $- 9$ and $12$ .

$f (- 3) = \frac{3 - 10}{2}$

Subtract $10$ from $3$ .

$f (- 3) = \frac{- 7}{2}$

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$f (- 3) = - \frac{7}{2}$

The final answer is $- \frac{7}{2}$ .

$- \frac{7}{2}$

The $y$ value at $x = - 3$ is $- \frac{7}{2}$ .

$y = - \frac{7}{2}$

Replace the variable $x$ with $0$ in the expression.

$f (0) = - \frac{{(0)}^{2}}{2} - 2 \cdot 0 - 5$

Simplify the result.

Simplify each term.

Raising $0$ to any positive power yields $0$ .

$f (0) = - \frac{0}{2} - 2 \cdot 0 - 5$

Divide $0$ by $2$ .

$f (0) = - 0 - 2 \cdot 0 - 5$

Multiply $- 1$ by $0$ .

$f (0) = 0 - 2 \cdot 0 - 5$

Multiply $- 2$ by $0$ .

$f (0) = 0 + 0 - 5$

Simplify by adding and subtracting.

Add $0$ and $0$ .

$f (0) = 0 - 5$

Subtract $5$ from $0$ .

$f (0) = - 5$

The final answer is $- 5$ .

$- 5$

The $y$ value at $x = 0$ is $- 5$ .

$y = - 5$

Replace the variable $x$ with $- 1$ in the expression.

$f (- 1) = - \frac{{(- 1)}^{2}}{2} - 2 \cdot - 1 - 5$

Simplify the result.

Simplify each term.

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$f (- 1) = - \frac{1}{2} - 2 \cdot - 1 - 5$

Multiply $- 2$ by $- 1$ .

$f (- 1) = - \frac{1}{2} + 2 - 5$

Find the common denominator.

Write $2$ as a fraction with denominator $1$ .

$f (- 1) = - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{2}{1} - 5$

Multiply $\frac{2}{1}$ by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f (- 1) = - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{2}{1} \cdot \frac{2}{2} - 5$

Multiply $\frac{2}{1}$ by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f (- 1) = - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{2 \cdot 2}{2} - 5$

Write $- 5$ as a fraction with denominator $1$ .

$f (- 1) = - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{2 \cdot 2}{2} + \frac{- 5}{1}$

Multiply $\frac{- 5}{1}$ by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f (- 1) = - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{2 \cdot 2}{2} + \frac{- 5}{1} \cdot \frac{2}{2}$

Multiply $\frac{- 5}{1}$ by $\frac{2}{2}$ .

$f (- 1) = - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{2 \cdot 2}{2} + \frac{- 5 \cdot 2}{2}$

Combine the numerators over the common denominator.

$f (- 1) = \frac{- 1 + 2 \cdot 2 - 5 \cdot 2}{2}$

Simplify each term.

Multiply $2$ by $2$ .

$f (- 1) = \frac{- 1 + 4 - 5 \cdot 2}{2}$

Multiply $- 5$ by $2$ .

$f (- 1) = \frac{- 1 + 4 - 10}{2}$

Simplify the expression.

Add $- 1$ and $4$ .

$f (- 1) = \frac{3 - 10}{2}$

Subtract $10$ from $3$ .

$f (- 1) = \frac{- 7}{2}$

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$f (- 1) = - \frac{7}{2}$

The final answer is $- \frac{7}{2}$ .

$- \frac{7}{2}$

The $y$ value at $x = - 1$ is $- \frac{7}{2}$ .

$y = - \frac{7}{2}$

Graph the parabola using its properties and the selected points.

$\begin{array}{c} x & y \\ - 4 & - 5 \\ - 3 & - \frac{7}{2} \\ - 2 & - 3 \\ - 1 & - \frac{7}{2} \\ 0 & - 5 \end{array}$

Step 3

Graph the parabola using its properties and the selected points.

Direction: Opens Down

Vertex: $(- 2, - 3)$

Focus: $(- 2, - \frac{7}{2})$

Axis of Symmetry: $x = - 2$

Directrix: $y = - \frac{5}{2}$

$\begin{array}{c} x & y \\ - 4 & - 5 \\ - 3 & - \frac{7}{2} \\ - 2 & - 3 \\ - 1 & - \frac{7}{2} \\ 0 & - 5 \end{array}$

Step 4

Graph f(x)=-1/2(x+2)^2-3

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