Graph y=-x^2-4x-4

$y = - x^{2} - 4 x - 4$

Step 1

Find the properties of the given parabola.

Rewrite the equation in vertex form.

Complete the square for $- x^{2} - 4 x - 4$ .

Use the form $a x^{2} + b x + c$ , to find the values of $a$ , $b$ , and $c$ .

$a = - 1$

$b = - 4$

$c = - 4$

Consider the vertex form of a parabola.

$a {(x + d)}^{2} + e$

Find the value of $d$ using the formula $d = \frac{b}{2 a}$ .

Substitute the values of $a$ and $b$ into the formula $d = \frac{b}{2 a}$ .

$d = \frac{- 4}{2 \cdot - 1}$

Simplify the right side.

Cancel the common factor of $- 4$ and $2$ .

Factor $2$ out of $- 4$ .

$d = \frac{2 \cdot - 2}{2 \cdot - 1}$

Move the negative one from the denominator of $\frac{- 2}{- 1}$ .

$d = - 1 \cdot - 2$

Rewrite $- 1 \cdot - 2$ as $- - 2$ .

$d = - - 2$

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 2$ .

$d = 2$

Find the value of $e$ using the formula $e = c - \frac{b^{2}}{4 a}$ .

Substitute the values of $c$ , $b$ and $a$ into the formula $e = c - \frac{b^{2}}{4 a}$ .

$e = - 4 - \frac{{(- 4)}^{2}}{4 \cdot - 1}$

Simplify the right side.

Simplify each term.

Cancel the common factor of ${(- 4)}^{2}$ and $4$ .

Rewrite $- 4$ as $- 1 (4)$ .

$e = - 4 - \frac{{(- 1 (4))}^{2}}{4 \cdot - 1}$

Apply the product rule to $- 1 (4)$ .

$e = - 4 - \frac{{(- 1)}^{2} \cdot 4^{2}}{4 \cdot - 1}$

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$e = - 4 - \frac{1 \cdot 4^{2}}{4 \cdot - 1}$

Multiply $4^{2}$ by $1$ .

$e = - 4 - \frac{4^{2}}{4 \cdot - 1}$

Factor $4$ out of $4^{2}$ .

$e = - 4 - \frac{4 \cdot 4}{4 \cdot - 1}$

Move the negative one from the denominator of $\frac{4}{- 1}$ .

$e = - 4 - (- 1 \cdot 4)$

Multiply $- (- 1 \cdot 4)$ .

Multiply $- 1$ by $4$ .

$e = - 4 - - 4$

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 4$ .

$e = - 4 + 4$

Add $- 4$ and $4$ .

$e = 0$

Substitute the values of $a$ , $d$ , and $e$ into the vertex form $- {(x + 2)}^{2} + 0$ .

$- {(x + 2)}^{2} + 0$

Set $y$ equal to the new right side.

$y = - {(x + 2)}^{2} + 0$

Use the vertex form, $y = a {(x - h)}^{2} + k$ , to determine the values of $a$ , $h$ , and $k$ .

$a = - 1$

$h = - 2$

$k = 0$

Since the value of $a$ is negative, the parabola opens down.

Opens Down

Find the vertex $(h, k)$ .

$(- 2, 0)$

Find $p$ , the distance from the vertex to the focus.

Find the distance from the vertex to a focus of the parabola by using the following formula.

$\frac{1}{4 a}$

Substitute the value of $a$ into the formula.

$\frac{1}{4 \cdot - 1}$

Cancel the common factor of $1$ and $- 1$ .

Rewrite $1$ as $- 1 (- 1)$ .

$\frac{- 1 (- 1)}{4 \cdot - 1}$

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{1}{4}$

Find the focus.

The focus of a parabola can be found by adding $p$ to the y-coordinate $k$ if the parabola opens up or down.

$(h, k + p)$

Substitute the known values of $h$ , $p$ , and $k$ into the formula and simplify.

$(- 2, - \frac{1}{4})$

Find the axis of symmetry by finding the line that passes through the vertex and the focus.

$x = - 2$

Find the directrix.

The directrix of a parabola is the horizontal line found by subtracting $p$ from the y-coordinate $k$ of the vertex if the parabola opens up or down.

$y = k - p$

Substitute the known values of $p$ and $k$ into the formula and simplify.

$y = \frac{1}{4}$

Use the properties of the parabola to analyze and graph the parabola.

Direction: Opens Down

Vertex: $(- 2, 0)$

Focus: $(- 2, - \frac{1}{4})$

Axis of Symmetry: $x = - 2$

Directrix: $y = \frac{1}{4}$

Direction: Opens Down

Vertex: $(- 2, 0)$

Focus: $(- 2, - \frac{1}{4})$

Axis of Symmetry: $x = - 2$

Directrix: $y = \frac{1}{4}$

Step 2

Select a few $x$ values, and plug them into the equation to find the corresponding $y$ values. The $x$ values should be selected around the vertex.

Replace the variable $x$ with $- 3$ in the expression.

$f (- 3) = - {(- 3)}^{2} - 4 \cdot - 3 - 4$

Simplify the result.

Simplify each term.

Raise $- 3$ to the power of $2$ .

$f (- 3) = - 1 \cdot 9 - 4 \cdot - 3 - 4$

Multiply $- 1$ by $9$ .

$f (- 3) = - 9 - 4 \cdot - 3 - 4$

Multiply $- 4$ by $- 3$ .

$f (- 3) = - 9 + 12 - 4$

Simplify by adding and subtracting.

Add $- 9$ and $12$ .

$f (- 3) = 3 - 4$

Subtract $4$ from $3$ .

$f (- 3) = - 1$

The final answer is $- 1$ .

$- 1$

The $y$ value at $x = - 3$ is $- 1$ .

$y = - 1$

Replace the variable $x$ with $- 4$ in the expression.

$f (- 4) = - {(- 4)}^{2} - 4 \cdot - 4 - 4$

Simplify the result.

Simplify each term.

Raise $- 4$ to the power of $2$ .

$f (- 4) = - 1 \cdot 16 - 4 \cdot - 4 - 4$

Multiply $- 1$ by $16$ .

$f (- 4) = - 16 - 4 \cdot - 4 - 4$

Multiply $- 4$ by $- 4$ .

$f (- 4) = - 16 + 16 - 4$

Simplify by adding and subtracting.

Add $- 16$ and $16$ .

$f (- 4) = 0 - 4$

Subtract $4$ from $0$ .

$f (- 4) = - 4$

The final answer is $- 4$ .

$- 4$

The $y$ value at $x = - 4$ is $- 4$ .

$y = - 4$

Replace the variable $x$ with $- 1$ in the expression.

$f (- 1) = - {(- 1)}^{2} - 4 \cdot - 1 - 4$

Simplify the result.

Simplify each term.

Multiply $- 1$ by ${(- 1)}^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

Multiply $- 1$ by ${(- 1)}^{2}$ .

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $1$ .

$f (- 1) = (- 1) {(- 1)}^{2} - 4 \cdot - 1 - 4$

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$f (- 1) = {(- 1)}^{1 + 2} - 4 \cdot - 1 - 4$

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$f (- 1) = {(- 1)}^{3} - 4 \cdot - 1 - 4$

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $3$ .

$f (- 1) = - 1 - 4 \cdot - 1 - 4$

Multiply $- 4$ by $- 1$ .

$f (- 1) = - 1 + 4 - 4$

Simplify by adding and subtracting.

Add $- 1$ and $4$ .

$f (- 1) = 3 - 4$

Subtract $4$ from $3$ .

$f (- 1) = - 1$

The final answer is $- 1$ .

$- 1$

The $y$ value at $x = - 1$ is $- 1$ .

$y = - 1$

Replace the variable $x$ with $0$ in the expression.

$f (0) = - {(0)}^{2} - 4 \cdot 0 - 4$

Simplify the result.

Simplify each term.

Raising $0$ to any positive power yields $0$ .

$f (0) = - 0 - 4 \cdot 0 - 4$

Multiply $- 1$ by $0$ .

$f (0) = 0 - 4 \cdot 0 - 4$

Multiply $- 4$ by $0$ .

$f (0) = 0 + 0 - 4$

Simplify by adding and subtracting.

Add $0$ and $0$ .

$f (0) = 0 - 4$

Subtract $4$ from $0$ .

$f (0) = - 4$

The final answer is $- 4$ .

$- 4$

The $y$ value at $x = 0$ is $- 4$ .

$y = - 4$

Graph the parabola using its properties and the selected points.

$\begin{array}{c} x & y \\ - 4 & - 4 \\ - 3 & - 1 \\ - 2 & 0 \\ - 1 & - 1 \\ 0 & - 4 \end{array}$

Step 3

Graph the parabola using its properties and the selected points.

Direction: Opens Down

Vertex: $(- 2, 0)$

Focus: $(- 2, - \frac{1}{4})$

Axis of Symmetry: $x = - 2$

Directrix: $y = \frac{1}{4}$

$\begin{array}{c} x & y \\ - 4 & - 4 \\ - 3 & - 1 \\ - 2 & 0 \\ - 1 & - 1 \\ 0 & - 4 \end{array}$

Step 4

Graph y=-x^2-4x-4

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