Simplify 3-i^11

$3 - i^{11}$

Step 1

Rewrite $i^{11}$ as ${(i^{4})}^{2} (i^{2} \cdot i)$ .

Factor out $i^{8}$ .

$3 - (i^{8} i^{3})$

Rewrite $i^{8}$ as ${(i^{4})}^{2}$ .

$3 - ({(i^{4})}^{2} i^{3})$

Factor out $i^{2}$ .

$3 - ({(i^{4})}^{2} (i^{2} \cdot i))$

$3 - ({(i^{4})}^{2} (i^{2} \cdot i))$

Step 2

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as $1$ .

Rewrite $i^{4}$ as ${(i^{2})}^{2}$ .

$3 - ({({(i^{2})}^{2})}^{2} (i^{2} \cdot i))$

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$3 - ({({(- 1)}^{2})}^{2} (i^{2} \cdot i))$

Raise $- 1$ to the power of $2$ .

$3 - (1^{2} (i^{2} \cdot i))$

$3 - (1^{2} (i^{2} \cdot i))$

Step 3

One to any power is one.

$3 - (1 (i^{2} \cdot i))$

Step 4

Multiply $i^{2} \cdot i$ by $1$ .

$3 - (i^{2} \cdot i)$

Step 5

Rewrite $i^{2}$ as $- 1$ .

$3 - (- 1 \cdot i)$

Step 6

Rewrite $- 1 i$ as $- i$ .

$3 - - i$

Step 7

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$3 + 1 i$

Step 8

Multiply $i$ by $1$ .

$3 + i$

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