Simplify ((a-1)/a-a/(1+a))/((1+a)/a+a/(1-a))

$\frac{\frac{a - 1}{a} - \frac{a}{1 + a}}{\frac{1 + a}{a} + \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Step 1

Multiply the numerator and denominator of the complex fraction by $a (1 + a) (1 - a)$ .

Multiply $\frac{\frac{a - 1}{a} - \frac{a}{1 + a}}{\frac{1 + a}{a} + \frac{a}{1 - a}}$ by $\frac{a (1 + a) (1 - a)}{a (1 + a) (1 - a)}$ .

$\frac{a (1 + a) (1 - a)}{a (1 + a) (1 - a)} \cdot \frac{\frac{a - 1}{a} - \frac{a}{1 + a}}{\frac{1 + a}{a} + \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Combine.

$\frac{a (1 + a) (1 - a) (\frac{a - 1}{a} - \frac{a}{1 + a})}{a (1 + a) (1 - a) (\frac{1 + a}{a} + \frac{a}{1 - a})}$

Step 2

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a - 1}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) (- \frac{a}{1 + a})}{a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{1 + a}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Step 3

Simplify by cancelling.

Cancel the common factor of $a$ .

Factor $a$ out of $a (1 + a) (1 - a)$ .

$\frac{a ((1 + a) (1 - a)) \frac{a - 1}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) (- \frac{a}{1 + a})}{a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{1 + a}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{a ((1 + a) (1 - a)) \frac{a - 1}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) (- \frac{a}{1 + a})}{a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{1 + a}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{(1 + a) (1 - a) (a - 1) + a (1 + a) (1 - a) (- \frac{a}{1 + a})}{a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{1 + a}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Rewrite $1$ as $- 1 (- 1)$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) (- 1 (- 1) - a) (a - 1) + a (1 + a) (1 - a) (- \frac{a}{1 + a})}{a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{1 + a}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Factor $- 1$ out of $- a$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) (- 1 (- 1) - (a)) (a - 1) + a (1 + a) (1 - a) (- \frac{a}{1 + a})}{a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{1 + a}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Factor $- 1$ out of $- 1 (- 1) - (a)$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) (- 1 (- 1 + a)) (a - 1) + a (1 + a) (1 - a) (- \frac{a}{1 + a})}{a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{1 + a}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Reorder terms.

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 (a - 1) (a - 1) + a (1 + a) (1 - a) (- \frac{a}{1 + a})}{a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{1 + a}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Raise $a - 1$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 ({(a - 1)}^{1} (a - 1)) + a (1 + a) (1 - a) (- \frac{a}{1 + a})}{a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{1 + a}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Raise $a - 1$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 ({(a - 1)}^{1} {(a - 1)}^{1}) + a (1 + a) (1 - a) (- \frac{a}{1 + a})}{a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{1 + a}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{1 + 1} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) (- \frac{a}{1 + a})}{a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{1 + a}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{2} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) (- \frac{a}{1 + a})}{a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{1 + a}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Cancel the common factor of $1 + a$ .

Move the leading negative in $- \frac{a}{1 + a}$ into the numerator.

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{2} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{- a}{1 + a}}{a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{1 + a}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Factor $1 + a$ out of $a (1 + a) (1 - a)$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{2} + (1 + a) (a (1 - a)) \frac{- a}{1 + a}}{a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{1 + a}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{2} + (1 + a) (a (1 - a)) \frac{- a}{1 + a}}{a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{1 + a}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{2} + a (1 - a) (- a)}{a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{1 + a}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Raise $a$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{2} + a^{1} a (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{1 + a}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Raise $a$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{2} + a^{1} a^{1} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{1 + a}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{2} + a^{1 + 1} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{1 + a}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{2} + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{1 + a}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Cancel the common factor of $a$ .

Factor $a$ out of $a (1 + a) (1 - a)$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{2} + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{a ((1 + a) (1 - a)) \frac{1 + a}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{2} + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{a ((1 + a) (1 - a)) \frac{1 + a}{a} + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{2} + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{(1 + a) (1 - a) (1 + a) + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Raise $1 + a$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{2} + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{1} (1 + a) (1 - a) + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Raise $1 + a$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{2} + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{1} {(1 + a)}^{1} (1 - a) + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{2} + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{1 + 1} (1 - a) + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{2} + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a (1 + a) (1 - a) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Cancel the common factor of $1 - a$ .

Factor $1 - a$ out of $a (1 + a) (1 - a)$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{2} + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + (1 - a) (a (1 + a)) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{2} + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + (1 - a) (a (1 + a)) \frac{a}{1 - a}}$

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{2} + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a (1 + a) a}$

Raise $a$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{2} + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{1} a (1 + a)}$

Raise $a$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{2} + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{1} a^{1} (1 + a)}$

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{2} + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{1 + 1} (1 + a)}$

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1 {(a - 1)}^{2} + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Step 4

Simplify the numerator.

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(1 \cdot - 1 + a \cdot - 1) {(a - 1)}^{2} + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(- 1 + a \cdot - 1) {(a - 1)}^{2} + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Move $- 1$ to the left of $a$ .

$\frac{(- 1 - 1 \cdot a) {(a - 1)}^{2} + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Rewrite $- 1 a$ as $- a$ .

$\frac{(- 1 - a) {(a - 1)}^{2} + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Rewrite ${(a - 1)}^{2}$ as $(a - 1) (a - 1)$ .

$\frac{(- 1 - a) ((a - 1) (a - 1)) + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Expand $(a - 1) (a - 1)$ using the FOIL Method.

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(- 1 - a) (a (a - 1) - 1 (a - 1)) + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(- 1 - a) (a \cdot a + a \cdot - 1 - 1 (a - 1)) + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(- 1 - a) (a \cdot a + a \cdot - 1 - 1 a - 1 \cdot - 1) + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Simplify and combine like terms.

Simplify each term.

Multiply $a$ by $a$ .

$\frac{(- 1 - a) (a^{2} + a \cdot - 1 - 1 a - 1 \cdot - 1) + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Move $- 1$ to the left of $a$ .

$\frac{(- 1 - a) (a^{2} - 1 \cdot a - 1 a - 1 \cdot - 1) + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Rewrite $- 1 a$ as $- a$ .

$\frac{(- 1 - a) (a^{2} - a - 1 a - 1 \cdot - 1) + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Rewrite $- 1 a$ as $- a$ .

$\frac{(- 1 - a) (a^{2} - a - a - 1 \cdot - 1) + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{(- 1 - a) (a^{2} - a - a + 1) + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Subtract $a$ from $- a$ .

$\frac{(- 1 - a) (a^{2} - 2 a + 1) + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Expand $(- 1 - a) (a^{2} - 2 a + 1)$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$\frac{- 1 a^{2} - 1 (- 2 a) - 1 \cdot 1 - a \cdot a^{2} - a (- 2 a) - a \cdot 1 + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Simplify each term.

Rewrite $- 1 a^{2}$ as $- a^{2}$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} - 1 (- 2 a) - 1 \cdot 1 - a \cdot a^{2} - a (- 2 a) - a \cdot 1 + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Multiply $- 2$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} + 2 a - 1 \cdot 1 - a \cdot a^{2} - a (- 2 a) - a \cdot 1 + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} + 2 a - 1 - a \cdot a^{2} - a (- 2 a) - a \cdot 1 + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Multiply $a$ by $a^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

Move $a^{2}$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} + 2 a - 1 - (a^{2} a) - a (- 2 a) - a \cdot 1 + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Multiply $a^{2}$ by $a$ .

Raise $a$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} + 2 a - 1 - (a^{2} a^{1}) - a (- 2 a) - a \cdot 1 + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- a^{2} + 2 a - 1 - a^{2 + 1} - a (- 2 a) - a \cdot 1 + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} + 2 a - 1 - a^{3} - a (- 2 a) - a \cdot 1 + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{- a^{2} + 2 a - 1 - a^{3} - 1 \cdot - 2 a \cdot a - a \cdot 1 + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Multiply $a$ by $a$ by adding the exponents.

Move $a$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} + 2 a - 1 - a^{3} - 1 \cdot - 2 (a \cdot a) - a \cdot 1 + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Multiply $a$ by $a$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} + 2 a - 1 - a^{3} - 1 \cdot - 2 a^{2} - a \cdot 1 + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 2$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} + 2 a - 1 - a^{3} + 2 a^{2} - a \cdot 1 + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} + 2 a - 1 - a^{3} + 2 a^{2} - a + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Add $- a^{2}$ and $2 a^{2}$ .

$\frac{a^{2} + 2 a - 1 - a^{3} - a + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Subtract $a$ from $2 a$ .

$\frac{a^{2} + a - 1 - a^{3} + a^{2} (1 - a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{a^{2} + a - 1 - a^{3} + (a^{2} \cdot 1 + a^{2} (- a)) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Multiply $a^{2}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{a^{2} + a - 1 - a^{3} + (a^{2} + a^{2} (- a)) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{a^{2} + a - 1 - a^{3} + (a^{2} - a^{2} a) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Multiply $a^{2}$ by $a$ by adding the exponents.

Move $a$ .

$\frac{a^{2} + a - 1 - a^{3} + (a^{2} - (a \cdot a^{2})) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Multiply $a$ by $a^{2}$ .

Raise $a$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{a^{2} + a - 1 - a^{3} + (a^{2} - (a^{1} a^{2})) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{a^{2} + a - 1 - a^{3} + (a^{2} - a^{1 + 2}) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$\frac{a^{2} + a - 1 - a^{3} + (a^{2} - a^{3}) \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{a^{2} + a - 1 - a^{3} + a^{2} \cdot - 1 - a^{3} \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Move $- 1$ to the left of $a^{2}$ .

$\frac{a^{2} + a - 1 - a^{3} - 1 \cdot a^{2} - a^{3} \cdot - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Multiply $- a^{3} \cdot - 1$ .

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{a^{2} + a - 1 - a^{3} - 1 \cdot a^{2} + 1 a^{3}}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Multiply $a^{3}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{a^{2} + a - 1 - a^{3} - 1 \cdot a^{2} + a^{3}}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Rewrite $- 1 a^{2}$ as $- a^{2}$ .

$\frac{a^{2} + a - 1 - a^{3} - a^{2} + a^{3}}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Subtract $a^{2}$ from $a^{2}$ .

$\frac{a - 1 - a^{3} + 0 + a^{3}}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Add $a$ and $0$ .

$\frac{a - 1 - a^{3} + a^{3}}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Add $- a^{3}$ and $a^{3}$ .

$\frac{a - 1 + 0}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Add $a - 1$ and $0$ .

$\frac{a - 1}{{(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Step 5

Simplify the denominator.

Factor $1 + a$ out of ${(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a) + a^{2} (1 + a)$ .

Factor $1 + a$ out of ${(1 + a)}^{2} (1 - a)$ .

$\frac{a - 1}{(1 + a) ((1 + a) (1 - a)) + a^{2} (1 + a)}$

Factor $1 + a$ out of $a^{2} (1 + a)$ .

$\frac{a - 1}{(1 + a) ((1 + a) (1 - a)) + (1 + a) a^{2}}$

Factor $1 + a$ out of $(1 + a) ((1 + a) (1 - a)) + (1 + a) a^{2}$ .

$\frac{a - 1}{(1 + a) ((1 + a) (1 - a) + a^{2})}$

Expand $(1 + a) (1 - a)$ using the FOIL Method.

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{a - 1}{(1 + a) (1 (1 - a) + a (1 - a) + a^{2})}$

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{a - 1}{(1 + a) (1 \cdot 1 + 1 (- a) + a (1 - a) + a^{2})}$

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{a - 1}{(1 + a) (1 \cdot 1 + 1 (- a) + a \cdot 1 + a (- a) + a^{2})}$

Simplify and combine like terms.

Simplify each term.

Multiply $1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{a - 1}{(1 + a) (1 + 1 (- a) + a \cdot 1 + a (- a) + a^{2})}$

Multiply $- a$ by $1$ .

$\frac{a - 1}{(1 + a) (1 - a + a \cdot 1 + a (- a) + a^{2})}$

Multiply $a$ by $1$ .

$\frac{a - 1}{(1 + a) (1 - a + a + a (- a) + a^{2})}$

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{a - 1}{(1 + a) (1 - a + a - a \cdot a + a^{2})}$

Multiply $a$ by $a$ by adding the exponents.

Move $a$ .

$\frac{a - 1}{(1 + a) (1 - a + a - (a \cdot a) + a^{2})}$

Multiply $a$ by $a$ .

$\frac{a - 1}{(1 + a) (1 - a + a - a^{2} + a^{2})}$

Add $- a$ and $a$ .

$\frac{a - 1}{(1 + a) (1 + 0 - a^{2} + a^{2})}$

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$\frac{a - 1}{(1 + a) (1 - a^{2} + a^{2})}$

Add $- a^{2}$ and $a^{2}$ .

$\frac{a - 1}{(1 + a) (1 + 0)}$

Add $1$ and $0$ .

$\frac{a - 1}{(1 + a) \cdot 1}$

Step 6

Multiply $1 + a$ by $1$ .

$\frac{a - 1}{1 + a}$

Simplify ((a-1)/a-a/(1+a))/((1+a)/a+a/(1-a))

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