Simplify (a/(a-1)+(1+a)/(-a))/((1-a)/a+a/(1+a))

$\frac{\frac{a}{a - 1} + \frac{1 + a}{- a}}{\frac{1 - a}{a} + \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Multiply the numerator and denominator of the complex fraction by $(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a)$ .

Multiply $\frac{\frac{a}{a - 1} + \frac{1 + a}{- a}}{\frac{1 - a}{a} + \frac{a}{1 + a}}$ by $\frac{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a)}{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a)}$ .

$\frac{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a)}{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a)} \cdot \frac{\frac{a}{a - 1} + \frac{1 + a}{- a}}{\frac{1 - a}{a} + \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Combine.

$\frac{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) (\frac{a}{a - 1} + \frac{1 + a}{- a})}{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) (\frac{1 - a}{a} + \frac{a}{1 + a})}$

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{a - 1} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 + a}{- a}}{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 - a}{a} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Simplify by cancelling.

Cancel the common factor of $a - 1$ .

Factor $a - 1$ out of $(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a)$ .

$\frac{(a - 1) (- a (1 + a)) \frac{a}{a - 1} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 + a}{- a}}{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 - a}{a} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{(a - 1) (- a (1 + a)) \frac{a}{a - 1} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 + a}{- a}}{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 - a}{a} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- a (1 + a) a + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 + a}{- a}}{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 - a}{a} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Raise $a$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- (a^{1} a) (1 + a) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 + a}{- a}}{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 - a}{a} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Raise $a$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- (a^{1} a^{1}) (1 + a) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 + a}{- a}}{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 - a}{a} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- a^{1 + 1} (1 + a) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 + a}{- a}}{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 - a}{a} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 + a}{- a}}{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 - a}{a} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Cancel the common factor of $(- 1) a$ .

Factor $(- 1) a$ out of $(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a)$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) - a ((a - 1) (1 + a)) \frac{1 + a}{- a}}{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 - a}{a} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Factor $(- 1) a$ out of $- a$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) - a ((a - 1) (1 + a)) \frac{1 + a}{- a (1)}}{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 - a}{a} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) - a ((a - 1) (1 + a)) \frac{1 + a}{- a \cdot 1}}{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 - a}{a} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) (1 + a) (1 + a)}{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 - a}{a} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Raise $1 + a$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) ({(1 + a)}^{1} (1 + a))}{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 - a}{a} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Raise $1 + a$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) ({(1 + a)}^{1} {(1 + a)}^{1})}{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 - a}{a} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{1 + 1}}{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 - a}{a} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}}{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{1 - a}{a} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Cancel the common factor of $a$ .

Factor $a$ out of $(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a)$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}}{a ((a - 1) \cdot - 1 (1 + a)) \frac{1 - a}{a} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}}{a ((a - 1) \cdot - 1 (1 + a)) \frac{1 - a}{a} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}}{(a - 1) \cdot - 1 (1 + a) (1 - a) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Factor $- 1$ out of $a$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}}{(- 1 (- a) - 1) \cdot - 1 (1 + a) (1 - a) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Rewrite $- 1$ as $- 1 (1)$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}}{(- 1 (- a) - 1 (1)) \cdot - 1 (1 + a) (1 - a) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Factor $- 1$ out of $- 1 (- a) - 1 (1)$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}}{- 1 (- a + 1) \cdot - 1 (1 + a) (1 - a) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Reorder terms.

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}}{- 1 (- a + 1) \cdot - 1 (1 + a) (- a + 1) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Raise $- a + 1$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}}{- 1 \cdot - 1 (1 + a) ({(- a + 1)}^{1} (- a + 1)) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Raise $- a + 1$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}}{- 1 \cdot - 1 (1 + a) ({(- a + 1)}^{1} {(- a + 1)}^{1}) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}}{- 1 \cdot - 1 (1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{1 + 1} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}}{- 1 \cdot - 1 (1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{2} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}}{1 (1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{2} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Multiply $1 + a$ by $1$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}}{(1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{2} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Cancel the common factor of $1 + a$ .

Factor $1 + a$ out of $(a - 1) \cdot - 1 a (1 + a)$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}}{(1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{2} + (1 + a) ((a - 1) \cdot - 1 a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Cancel the common factor.

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}}{(1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{2} + (1 + a) ((a - 1) \cdot - 1 a) \frac{a}{1 + a}}$

Rewrite the expression.

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}}{(1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{2} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a \cdot a}$

Raise $a$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}}{(1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{2} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 (a^{1} a)}$

Raise $a$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}}{(1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{2} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 (a^{1} a^{1})}$

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}}{(1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{2} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{1 + 1}}$

Add $1$ and $1$ .

$\frac{- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}}{(1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{2} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Simplify the numerator.

Factor $1 + a$ out of $- a^{2} (1 + a) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}$ .

Factor $1 + a$ out of $- a^{2} (1 + a)$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) (- a^{2}) + (a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}}{(1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{2} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Factor $1 + a$ out of $(a - 1) {(1 + a)}^{2}$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) (- a^{2}) + (1 + a) ((a - 1) (1 + a))}{(1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{2} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Factor $1 + a$ out of $(1 + a) (- a^{2}) + (1 + a) ((a - 1) (1 + a))$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) (- a^{2} + (a - 1) (1 + a))}{(1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{2} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Expand $(a - 1) (1 + a)$ using the FOIL Method.

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(1 + a) (- a^{2} + a (1 + a) - 1 (1 + a))}{(1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{2} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(1 + a) (- a^{2} + a \cdot 1 + a \cdot a - 1 (1 + a))}{(1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{2} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(1 + a) (- a^{2} + a \cdot 1 + a \cdot a - 1 \cdot 1 - 1 a)}{(1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{2} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Combine the opposite terms in $a \cdot 1 + a \cdot a - 1 \cdot 1 - 1 a$ .

Reorder the factors in the terms $a \cdot 1$ and $- 1 a$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) (- a^{2} + 1 a + a \cdot a - 1 \cdot 1 - 1 a)}{(1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{2} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Subtract $1 a$ from $1 a$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) (- a^{2} + 0 + a \cdot a - 1 \cdot 1)}{(1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{2} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Add $0$ and $a \cdot a$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) (- a^{2} + a \cdot a - 1 \cdot 1)}{(1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{2} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Simplify each term.

Multiply $a$ by $a$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) (- a^{2} + a^{2} - 1 \cdot 1)}{(1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{2} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) (- a^{2} + a^{2} - 1)}{(1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{2} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Add $- a^{2}$ and $a^{2}$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) (0 - 1)}{(1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{2} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Subtract $1$ from $0$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{(1 + a) {(- a + 1)}^{2} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Simplify the denominator.

Rewrite ${(- a + 1)}^{2}$ as $(- a + 1) (- a + 1)$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{(1 + a) ((- a + 1) (- a + 1)) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Expand $(- a + 1) (- a + 1)$ using the FOIL Method.

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{(1 + a) (- a (- a + 1) + 1 (- a + 1)) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{(1 + a) (- a (- a) - a \cdot 1 + 1 (- a + 1)) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{(1 + a) (- a (- a) - a \cdot 1 + 1 (- a) + 1 \cdot 1) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Simplify and combine like terms.

Simplify each term.

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{(1 + a) (- 1 \cdot - 1 a \cdot a - a \cdot 1 + 1 (- a) + 1 \cdot 1) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Multiply $a$ by $a$ by adding the exponents.

Move $a$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{(1 + a) (- 1 \cdot - 1 (a \cdot a) - a \cdot 1 + 1 (- a) + 1 \cdot 1) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Multiply $a$ by $a$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{(1 + a) (- 1 \cdot - 1 a^{2} - a \cdot 1 + 1 (- a) + 1 \cdot 1) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{(1 + a) (1 a^{2} - a \cdot 1 + 1 (- a) + 1 \cdot 1) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Multiply $a^{2}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{(1 + a) (a^{2} - a \cdot 1 + 1 (- a) + 1 \cdot 1) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Multiply $- 1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{(1 + a) (a^{2} - a + 1 (- a) + 1 \cdot 1) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Multiply $- a$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{(1 + a) (a^{2} - a - a + 1 \cdot 1) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Multiply $1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{(1 + a) (a^{2} - a - a + 1) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Subtract $a$ from $- a$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{(1 + a) (a^{2} - 2 a + 1) + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Expand $(1 + a) (a^{2} - 2 a + 1)$ by multiplying each term in the first expression by each term in the second expression.

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{1 a^{2} + 1 (- 2 a) + 1 \cdot 1 + a \cdot a^{2} + a (- 2 a) + a \cdot 1 + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Simplify each term.

Multiply $a^{2}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{a^{2} + 1 (- 2 a) + 1 \cdot 1 + a \cdot a^{2} + a (- 2 a) + a \cdot 1 + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Multiply $- 2 a$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{a^{2} - 2 a + 1 \cdot 1 + a \cdot a^{2} + a (- 2 a) + a \cdot 1 + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Multiply $1$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{a^{2} - 2 a + 1 + a \cdot a^{2} + a (- 2 a) + a \cdot 1 + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Multiply $a$ by $a^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

Multiply $a$ by $a^{2}$ .

Raise $a$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{a^{2} - 2 a + 1 + a^{1} a^{2} + a (- 2 a) + a \cdot 1 + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{a^{2} - 2 a + 1 + a^{1 + 2} + a (- 2 a) + a \cdot 1 + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Add $1$ and $2$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{a^{2} - 2 a + 1 + a^{3} + a (- 2 a) + a \cdot 1 + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Rewrite using the commutative property of multiplication.

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{a^{2} - 2 a + 1 + a^{3} - 2 a \cdot a + a \cdot 1 + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Multiply $a$ by $a$ by adding the exponents.

Move $a$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{a^{2} - 2 a + 1 + a^{3} - 2 (a \cdot a) + a \cdot 1 + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Multiply $a$ by $a$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{a^{2} - 2 a + 1 + a^{3} - 2 a^{2} + a \cdot 1 + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Multiply $a$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{a^{2} - 2 a + 1 + a^{3} - 2 a^{2} + a + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Subtract $2 a^{2}$ from $a^{2}$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{- a^{2} - 2 a + 1 + a^{3} + a + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Add $- 2 a$ and $a$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{- a^{2} - a + 1 + a^{3} + (a - 1) \cdot - 1 a^{2}}$

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{- a^{2} - a + 1 + a^{3} + (a \cdot - 1 - 1 \cdot - 1) a^{2}}$

Move $- 1$ to the left of $a$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{- a^{2} - a + 1 + a^{3} + (- 1 \cdot a - 1 \cdot - 1) a^{2}}$

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{- a^{2} - a + 1 + a^{3} + (- 1 \cdot a + 1) a^{2}}$

Rewrite $- 1 a$ as $- a$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{- a^{2} - a + 1 + a^{3} + (- a + 1) a^{2}}$

Apply the distributive property.

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{- a^{2} - a + 1 + a^{3} - a \cdot a^{2} + 1 a^{2}}$

Multiply $a$ by $a^{2}$ by adding the exponents.

Move $a^{2}$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{- a^{2} - a + 1 + a^{3} - (a^{2} a) + 1 a^{2}}$

Multiply $a^{2}$ by $a$ .

Raise $a$ to the power of $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{- a^{2} - a + 1 + a^{3} - (a^{2} a^{1}) + 1 a^{2}}$

Use the power rule $a^{m} a^{n} = a^{m + n}$ to combine exponents.

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{- a^{2} - a + 1 + a^{3} - a^{2 + 1} + 1 a^{2}}$

Add $2$ and $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{- a^{2} - a + 1 + a^{3} - a^{3} + 1 a^{2}}$

Multiply $a^{2}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{- a^{2} - a + 1 + a^{3} - a^{3} + a^{2}}$

Add $- a^{2}$ and $a^{2}$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{- a + 1 + a^{3} - a^{3} + 0}$

Add $- a + 1 + a^{3} - a^{3}$ and $0$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{- a + 1 + a^{3} - a^{3}}$

Subtract $a^{3}$ from $a^{3}$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{- a + 1 + 0}$

Add $- a + 1$ and $0$ .

$\frac{(1 + a) \cdot - 1}{- a + 1}$

Simplify with factoring out.

Move $- 1$ to the left of $1 + a$ .

$\frac{- 1 \cdot (1 + a)}{- a + 1}$

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{1 + a}{- a + 1}$

Factor $- 1$ out of $- a$ .

$- \frac{1 + a}{- (a) + 1}$

Rewrite $1$ as $- 1 (- 1)$ .

$- \frac{1 + a}{- (a) - 1 (- 1)}$

Factor $- 1$ out of $- (a) - 1 (- 1)$ .

$- \frac{1 + a}{- (a - 1)}$

Simplify the expression.

Rewrite $- (a - 1)$ as $- 1 (a - 1)$ .

$- \frac{1 + a}{- 1 (a - 1)}$

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- - \frac{1 + a}{a - 1}$

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 1$ .

$1 \frac{1 + a}{a - 1}$

Multiply $\frac{1 + a}{a - 1}$ by $1$ .

$\frac{1 + a}{a - 1}$

Simplify (a/(a-1)+(1+a)/(-a))/((1-a)/a+a/(1+a))

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