Simplify/Condense natural log of a- natural log of d- natural log of c

$\ln (a) - \ln (d) - \ln (c)$

Use the quotient property of logarithms, $\log_{b} (x) - \log_{b} (y) = \log_{b} (\frac{x}{y})$ .

$\ln (\frac{a}{d}) - \ln (c)$

Use the quotient property of logarithms, $\log_{b} (x) - \log_{b} (y) = \log_{b} (\frac{x}{y})$ .

$\ln (\frac{\frac{a}{d}}{c})$

Multiply the numerator by the reciprocal of the denominator.

$\ln (\frac{a}{d} \cdot \frac{1}{c})$

Multiply $\frac{a}{d}$ by $\frac{1}{c}$ .

$\ln (\frac{a}{d c})$