Simplify (x-3)(x-1)

$(x - 3) (x - 1)$

Step 1

Expand $(x - 3) (x - 1)$ using the FOIL Method.

Apply the distributive property.

$x (x - 1) - 3 (x - 1)$

Apply the distributive property.

$x \cdot x + x \cdot - 1 - 3 (x - 1)$

Apply the distributive property.

$x \cdot x + x \cdot - 1 - 3 x - 3 \cdot - 1$

$x \cdot x + x \cdot - 1 - 3 x - 3 \cdot - 1$

Step 2

Simplify and combine like terms.

Simplify each term.

Multiply $x$ by $x$ .

$x^{2} + x \cdot - 1 - 3 x - 3 \cdot - 1$

Move $- 1$ to the left of $x$ .

$x^{2} - 1 \cdot x - 3 x - 3 \cdot - 1$

Rewrite $- 1 x$ as $- x$ .

$x^{2} - x - 3 x - 3 \cdot - 1$

Multiply $- 3$ by $- 1$ .

$x^{2} - x - 3 x + 3$

$x^{2} - x - 3 x + 3$

Subtract $3 x$ from $- x$ .

$x^{2} - 4 x + 3$

$x^{2} - 4 x + 3$

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