Solve by Factoring x^3-27=0

$x^{3} - 27 = 0$

Step 1

Rewrite $27$ as $3^{3}$ .

$x^{3} - 3^{3} = 0$

Step 2

Since both terms are perfect cubes, factor using the difference of cubes formula, $a^{3} - b^{3} = (a - b) (a^{2} + a b + b^{2})$ where $a = x$ and $b = 3$ .

$(x - 3) (x^{2} + x \cdot 3 + 3^{2}) = 0$

Step 3

Simplify.

Move $3$ to the left of $x$ .

$(x - 3) (x^{2} + 3 x + 3^{2}) = 0$

Raise $3$ to the power of $2$ .

$(x - 3) (x^{2} + 3 x + 9) = 0$

Step 4

If any individual factor on the left side of the equation is equal to $0$ , the entire expression will be equal to $0$ .

$x - 3 = 0$

$x^{2} + 3 x + 9 = 0$

Step 5

Set $x - 3$ equal to $0$ and solve for $x$ .

Set $x - 3$ equal to $0$ .

$x - 3 = 0$

Add $3$ to both sides of the equation.

$x = 3$

Step 6

Set $x^{2} + 3 x + 9$ equal to $0$ and solve for $x$ .

Set $x^{2} + 3 x + 9$ equal to $0$ .

$x^{2} + 3 x + 9 = 0$

Solve $x^{2} + 3 x + 9 = 0$ for $x$ .

Use the quadratic formula to find the solutions.

$\frac{- b \pm \sqrt{b^{2} - 4 (a c)}}{2 a}$

Substitute the values $a = 1$ , $b = 3$ , and $c = 9$ into the quadratic formula and solve for $x$ .

$\frac{- 3 \pm \sqrt{3^{2} - 4 \cdot (1 \cdot 9)}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Simplify.

Simplify the numerator.

Raise $3$ to the power of $2$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm \sqrt{9 - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot 9}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Multiply $- 4 \cdot 1 \cdot 9$ .

Multiply $- 4$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm \sqrt{9 - 4 \cdot 9}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Multiply $- 4$ by $9$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm \sqrt{9 - 36}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Subtract $36$ from $9$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm \sqrt{- 27}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Rewrite $- 27$ as $- 1 (27)$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm \sqrt{- 1 \cdot 27}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Rewrite $\sqrt{- 1 (27)}$ as $\sqrt{- 1} \cdot \sqrt{27}$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm \sqrt{- 1} \cdot \sqrt{27}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Rewrite $\sqrt{- 1}$ as $i$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm i \cdot \sqrt{27}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Rewrite $27$ as $3^{2} \cdot 3$ .

Factor $9$ out of $27$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm i \cdot \sqrt{9 (3)}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Rewrite $9$ as $3^{2}$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm i \cdot \sqrt{3^{2} \cdot 3}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm i \cdot (3 \sqrt{3})}{2 \cdot 1}$

Move $3$ to the left of $i$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm 3 i \sqrt{3}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm 3 i \sqrt{3}}{2}$

Simplify the expression to solve for the $+$ portion of the $\pm$ .

Simplify the numerator.

Raise $3$ to the power of $2$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm \sqrt{9 - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot 9}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Multiply $- 4 \cdot 1 \cdot 9$ .

Multiply $- 4$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm \sqrt{9 - 4 \cdot 9}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Multiply $- 4$ by $9$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm \sqrt{9 - 36}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Subtract $36$ from $9$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm \sqrt{- 27}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Rewrite $- 27$ as $- 1 (27)$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm \sqrt{- 1 \cdot 27}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Rewrite $\sqrt{- 1 (27)}$ as $\sqrt{- 1} \cdot \sqrt{27}$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm \sqrt{- 1} \cdot \sqrt{27}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Rewrite $\sqrt{- 1}$ as $i$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm i \cdot \sqrt{27}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Rewrite $27$ as $3^{2} \cdot 3$ .

Factor $9$ out of $27$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm i \cdot \sqrt{9 (3)}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Rewrite $9$ as $3^{2}$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm i \cdot \sqrt{3^{2} \cdot 3}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm i \cdot (3 \sqrt{3})}{2 \cdot 1}$

Move $3$ to the left of $i$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm 3 i \sqrt{3}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm 3 i \sqrt{3}}{2}$

Change the $\pm$ to $+$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 + 3 i \sqrt{3}}{2}$

Rewrite $- 3$ as $- 1 (3)$ .

$x = \frac{- 1 \cdot 3 + 3 i \sqrt{3}}{2}$

Factor $- 1$ out of $3 i \sqrt{3}$ .

$x = \frac{- 1 \cdot 3 - (- 3 i \sqrt{3})}{2}$

Factor $- 1$ out of $- 1 (3) - (- 3 i \sqrt{3})$ .

$x = \frac{- 1 (3 - 3 i \sqrt{3})}{2}$

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$x = - \frac{3 - 3 i \sqrt{3}}{2}$

Simplify the expression to solve for the $-$ portion of the $\pm$ .

Simplify the numerator.

Raise $3$ to the power of $2$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm \sqrt{9 - 4 \cdot 1 \cdot 9}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Multiply $- 4 \cdot 1 \cdot 9$ .

Multiply $- 4$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm \sqrt{9 - 4 \cdot 9}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Multiply $- 4$ by $9$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm \sqrt{9 - 36}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Subtract $36$ from $9$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm \sqrt{- 27}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Rewrite $- 27$ as $- 1 (27)$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm \sqrt{- 1 \cdot 27}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Rewrite $\sqrt{- 1 (27)}$ as $\sqrt{- 1} \cdot \sqrt{27}$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm \sqrt{- 1} \cdot \sqrt{27}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Rewrite $\sqrt{- 1}$ as $i$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm i \cdot \sqrt{27}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Rewrite $27$ as $3^{2} \cdot 3$ .

Factor $9$ out of $27$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm i \cdot \sqrt{9 (3)}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Rewrite $9$ as $3^{2}$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm i \cdot \sqrt{3^{2} \cdot 3}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Pull terms out from under the radical.

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm i \cdot (3 \sqrt{3})}{2 \cdot 1}$

Move $3$ to the left of $i$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm 3 i \sqrt{3}}{2 \cdot 1}$

Multiply $2$ by $1$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 \pm 3 i \sqrt{3}}{2}$

Change the $\pm$ to $-$ .

$x = \frac{- 3 - 3 i \sqrt{3}}{2}$

Rewrite $- 3$ as $- 1 (3)$ .

$x = \frac{- 1 \cdot 3 - 3 i \sqrt{3}}{2}$

Factor $- 1$ out of $- 3 i \sqrt{3}$ .

$x = \frac{- 1 \cdot 3 - (3 i \sqrt{3})}{2}$

Factor $- 1$ out of $- 1 (3) - (3 i \sqrt{3})$ .

$x = \frac{- 1 (3 + 3 i \sqrt{3})}{2}$

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$x = - \frac{3 + 3 i \sqrt{3}}{2}$

The final answer is the combination of both solutions.

$x = - \frac{3 - 3 i \sqrt{3}}{2}, - \frac{3 + 3 i \sqrt{3}}{2}$

Step 7

The final solution is all the values that make $(x - 3) (x^{2} + 3 x + 9) = 0$ true.

$x = 3, - \frac{3 - 3 i \sqrt{3}}{2}, - \frac{3 + 3 i \sqrt{3}}{2}$

Solve by Factoring x^3-27=0

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