Graph y=-x^2-8x-13

$y = - x^{2} - 8 x - 13$

Step 1

Find the properties of the given parabola.

Rewrite the equation in vertex form.

Complete the square for $- x^{2} - 8 x - 13$ .

Use the form $a x^{2} + b x + c$ , to find the values of $a$ , $b$ , and $c$ .

$a = - 1$

$b = - 8$

$c = - 13$

Consider the vertex form of a parabola.

$a {(x + d)}^{2} + e$

Find the value of $d$ using the formula $d = \frac{b}{2 a}$ .

Substitute the values of $a$ and $b$ into the formula $d = \frac{b}{2 a}$ .

$d = \frac{- 8}{2 \cdot - 1}$

Simplify the right side.

Cancel the common factor of $- 8$ and $2$ .

Factor $2$ out of $- 8$ .

$d = \frac{2 \cdot - 4}{2 \cdot - 1}$

Move the negative one from the denominator of $\frac{- 4}{- 1}$ .

$d = - 1 \cdot - 4$

Rewrite $- 1 \cdot - 4$ as $- - 4$ .

$d = - - 4$

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 4$ .

$d = 4$

Find the value of $e$ using the formula $e = c - \frac{b^{2}}{4 a}$ .

Substitute the values of $c$ , $b$ and $a$ into the formula $e = c - \frac{b^{2}}{4 a}$ .

$e = - 13 - \frac{{(- 8)}^{2}}{4 \cdot - 1}$

Simplify the right side.

Simplify each term.

Raise $- 8$ to the power of $2$ .

$e = - 13 - \frac{64}{4 \cdot - 1}$

Multiply $4$ by $- 1$ .

$e = - 13 - \frac{64}{- 4}$

Divide $64$ by $- 4$ .

$e = - 13 - - 16$

Multiply $- 1$ by $- 16$ .

$e = - 13 + 16$

Add $- 13$ and $16$ .

$e = 3$

Substitute the values of $a$ , $d$ , and $e$ into the vertex form $- {(x + 4)}^{2} + 3$ .

$- {(x + 4)}^{2} + 3$

Set $y$ equal to the new right side.

$y = - {(x + 4)}^{2} + 3$

Use the vertex form, $y = a {(x - h)}^{2} + k$ , to determine the values of $a$ , $h$ , and $k$ .

$a = - 1$

$h = - 4$

$k = 3$

Since the value of $a$ is negative, the parabola opens down.

Opens Down

Find the vertex $(h, k)$ .

$(- 4, 3)$

Find $p$ , the distance from the vertex to the focus.

Find the distance from the vertex to a focus of the parabola by using the following formula.

$\frac{1}{4 a}$

Substitute the value of $a$ into the formula.

$\frac{1}{4 \cdot - 1}$

Cancel the common factor of $1$ and $- 1$ .

Rewrite $1$ as $- 1 (- 1)$ .

$\frac{- 1 (- 1)}{4 \cdot - 1}$

Move the negative in front of the fraction.

$- \frac{1}{4}$

Find the focus.

The focus of a parabola can be found by adding $p$ to the y-coordinate $k$ if the parabola opens up or down.

$(h, k + p)$

Substitute the known values of $h$ , $p$ , and $k$ into the formula and simplify.

$(- 4, \frac{11}{4})$

Find the axis of symmetry by finding the line that passes through the vertex and the focus.

$x = - 4$

Find the directrix.

The directrix of a parabola is the horizontal line found by subtracting $p$ from the y-coordinate $k$ of the vertex if the parabola opens up or down.

$y = k - p$

Substitute the known values of $p$ and $k$ into the formula and simplify.

$y = \frac{13}{4}$

Use the properties of the parabola to analyze and graph the parabola.

Direction: Opens Down

Vertex: $(- 4, 3)$

Focus: $(- 4, \frac{11}{4})$

Axis of Symmetry: $x = - 4$

Directrix: $y = \frac{13}{4}$

Direction: Opens Down

Vertex: $(- 4, 3)$

Focus: $(- 4, \frac{11}{4})$

Axis of Symmetry: $x = - 4$

Directrix: $y = \frac{13}{4}$

Step 2

Select a few $x$ values, and plug them into the equation to find the corresponding $y$ values. The $x$ values should be selected around the vertex.

Replace the variable $x$ with $- 5$ in the expression.

$f (- 5) = - {(- 5)}^{2} - 8 \cdot - 5 - 13$

Simplify the result.

Simplify each term.

Raise $- 5$ to the power of $2$ .

$f (- 5) = - 1 \cdot 25 - 8 \cdot - 5 - 13$

Multiply $- 1$ by $25$ .

$f (- 5) = - 25 - 8 \cdot - 5 - 13$

Multiply $- 8$ by $- 5$ .

$f (- 5) = - 25 + 40 - 13$

Simplify by adding and subtracting.

Add $- 25$ and $40$ .

$f (- 5) = 15 - 13$

Subtract $13$ from $15$ .

$f (- 5) = 2$

The final answer is $2$ .

$2$

The $y$ value at $x = - 5$ is $2$ .

$y = 2$

Replace the variable $x$ with $- 6$ in the expression.

$f (- 6) = - {(- 6)}^{2} - 8 \cdot - 6 - 13$

Simplify the result.

Simplify each term.

Raise $- 6$ to the power of $2$ .

$f (- 6) = - 1 \cdot 36 - 8 \cdot - 6 - 13$

Multiply $- 1$ by $36$ .

$f (- 6) = - 36 - 8 \cdot - 6 - 13$

Multiply $- 8$ by $- 6$ .

$f (- 6) = - 36 + 48 - 13$

Simplify by adding and subtracting.

Add $- 36$ and $48$ .

$f (- 6) = 12 - 13$

Subtract $13$ from $12$ .

$f (- 6) = - 1$

The final answer is $- 1$ .

$- 1$

The $y$ value at $x = - 6$ is $- 1$ .

$y = - 1$

Replace the variable $x$ with $- 3$ in the expression.

$f (- 3) = - {(- 3)}^{2} - 8 \cdot - 3 - 13$

Simplify the result.

Simplify each term.

Raise $- 3$ to the power of $2$ .

$f (- 3) = - 1 \cdot 9 - 8 \cdot - 3 - 13$

Multiply $- 1$ by $9$ .

$f (- 3) = - 9 - 8 \cdot - 3 - 13$

Multiply $- 8$ by $- 3$ .

$f (- 3) = - 9 + 24 - 13$

Simplify by adding and subtracting.

Add $- 9$ and $24$ .

$f (- 3) = 15 - 13$

Subtract $13$ from $15$ .

$f (- 3) = 2$

The final answer is $2$ .

$2$

The $y$ value at $x = - 3$ is $2$ .

$y = 2$

Replace the variable $x$ with $- 2$ in the expression.

$f (- 2) = - {(- 2)}^{2} - 8 \cdot - 2 - 13$

Simplify the result.

Simplify each term.

Raise $- 2$ to the power of $2$ .

$f (- 2) = - 1 \cdot 4 - 8 \cdot - 2 - 13$

Multiply $- 1$ by $4$ .

$f (- 2) = - 4 - 8 \cdot - 2 - 13$

Multiply $- 8$ by $- 2$ .

$f (- 2) = - 4 + 16 - 13$

Simplify by adding and subtracting.

Add $- 4$ and $16$ .

$f (- 2) = 12 - 13$

Subtract $13$ from $12$ .

$f (- 2) = - 1$

The final answer is $- 1$ .

$- 1$

The $y$ value at $x = - 2$ is $- 1$ .

$y = - 1$

Graph the parabola using its properties and the selected points.

$\begin{array}{c} x & y \\ - 6 & - 1 \\ - 5 & 2 \\ - 4 & 3 \\ - 3 & 2 \\ - 2 & - 1 \end{array}$

Step 3

Graph the parabola using its properties and the selected points.

Direction: Opens Down

Vertex: $(- 4, 3)$

Focus: $(- 4, \frac{11}{4})$

Axis of Symmetry: $x = - 4$

Directrix: $y = \frac{13}{4}$

$\begin{array}{c} x & y \\ - 6 & - 1 \\ - 5 & 2 \\ - 4 & 3 \\ - 3 & 2 \\ - 2 & - 1 \end{array}$

Step 4

Graph y=-x^2-8x-13

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